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Wiki source code of Inclusive Design

Version 5.5 by Clara Stiller on 2022/03/30 12:16
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1 **Main Goal of inclusive design**: make system accessible and usable to as many people as (reasonably) possible
2 **
3 How to achieve this:**
4 * consider disabilities already in your design process
5 * optimize the system for the specific user with specific needs
6 * for evaluation broaden the participant group: diverse, great variety
7 What to avoid:
8 * make assumptions about your users (using stereotyping, patronising attitudes and/or language, stigmatizing and incorrect terminology)
9 instead: ask people how they like to be referred to
10 * design and test with "healthy users" (only university students)
11 instead: involve people from target group eg. by doing a focus group/ mutual learning or design workshops, involve them from earliest stages
12 consider effort, that is time consuming and the specialised knowledge that the design requires.
13
14 Different kind of disability grouped by their frequency in occurrence:
15 1. Permanent: Cognitive disability
16 1. Temporary: Learning, drugs, distress
17 1. Situational: Interruption, distraction
18
19 disabilities grouped by their cause:
20 1. perceptual
21 blind, deaf, partially sighted --> use close captioning, support for screenreaders
22 1. motor
23 limited or no use of limb(s), use of mobility assistance --> provide physical accessibility (eg. no stairs)
24 1. cognitive
25 dementia, down syndrome, autism, neurodiversity --> communication needs and preferences
26 1. social and economic factors
27 money, culture, environment --> affordable design, fit in life and environment
28
29
30 **Accessibility**
31 * is related to usability
32 * all users should have equivalent experience
33 * inclusive design also beneficial to all users
34 * universal design
35
36 Different kind of access:
37 1. direct
38 system is accessible without assistance
39 1. indirect
40 system is accessible with an EXISTING assistive technology (e.f. screen readers)
41
42 Inclusive design addresses:
43 * Social aspects (e.g., manners)
44 * Cognitive processes (e.g., memory)
45 * Affective processes (e.g., trust)
46 * Perceptual/ motor skills (e.g., tremor)
47
48 ----
49
50 **Examples:**
51
52 VESSEL support
53 Virtual Environment to Support Societal participation Education of Low-literates
54 * disability/ problem:
55 ** Low-Literates, that have problems in reading media and instructions, filling out forms, financial management, ...
56 ** leads to shame in isolation of that person
57 ** stagnating general development
58 * solution:
59 ** personal learning environment to exercise practical situations
60 ** Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) that guides the learning process to improve learner's self-efficacy
61 ** practice general situations (e.g. Citizen's office) and useful tasks (e.g. filling out forms)
62 ** comprehensive learning support: combination of social, cognitive and effective support supports improvement of self-efficacy
63 ECA tries to motivate and encourage the user to do the tasks
64 Is understanding, when the user has difficulties
65 complements
66
67
68 Exoskeleton design
69 * during the evaluation of an exoskeleton, they found out that lots of difficulties occured due to diversity:
70 ** man <-> woman
71 ** person sitting in wheelchair <-> healthy person
72 * women had pain using the exoskeleton, that men didn't have
73 * lessons learned: involve user form the earliest stages in your design, not only in the evaluation
74
75
76 ----
77 Inclusive Design in the SALLe Project:
78
79 {{html}}
80
81 <table width='100%'>
82 <tr>
83 <th width='50%'>possible disabilities</th>
84 <th width='50%'>how to address these</th>
85 </tr>
86 <tr>
87 <td>* cognitive disability
88 ** memory
89 ** orientation -> wandering</td>
90 <td> </td>
91 </tr>
92 <td>* motor
93 ** limited endurance, strength, range of motion (due to old age)
94 ** use of mobility assistance ("Rollator") </td>
95 <td>** no need, since pepper is also kind of "disabled" in motion and can't handle stairs:D
96 ** pepper can be used without motions, pressing buttons etc.</td>
97 <tr>
98 </tr>
99 <td>slow movement and processing of environment, speech etc.</td>
100 <td>** reduce speed of peppers speech (there is a toolbar to lower the speed)
101 ** use easy language
102 ** underline what has been said by showing images on the tablet. Don't switch the images to fast
103 ** wait long enough for response</td>
104 <tr>
105 </tr>
106 <td>difficulties in seeing: especially small things, reading screens (Varifocal glasses)</td>
107 <td>** use large images in high quality
108 ** good lightning of tablet</td>
109 <tr>
110 </tr>
111 <td>difficulties in hearing: high frequencies, silent speech/ sounds</td>
112 <td>** slow speech
113 ** loud (but be careful with the amplitude of music, since to loud music can be stressful)
114 ** good pronunciation of words</td>
115
116
117 Since our robot is made to be used by people with dementia we have to consider the following possible disabilities:
118 * cognitive disability
119 ** memory
120 ** orientation -> wandering
121 * motor
122 ** limited endurance, strength, range of motion (due to old age)
123 ** use of mobility assistance ("Rollator")
124 * slow movement and processing of environment, speech etc.
125 * difficulties in seeing: especially small things, reading screens (Varifocal glasses)
126 * difficulties in hearing: high frequencies, silent speech/ sounds
127
128 of course, there can be several other disabilities that are not related to old age or dementia.
129
130 How to address these disabilities and make our robot accessible to them:
131 * cognitive disability:
132
133 * motor
134 ** no need, since pepper is also kind of "disabled" in motion and can't handle stairs:D
135 ** pepper can be used without motions, pressing buttons etc.
136
137 * slow movement and processing of environment, speech etc.:
138 ** reduce speed of peppers speech (there is a toolbar to lower the speed)
139 ** use easy language
140 ** underline what has been said by showing images on the tablet. Don't switch the images to fast
141 ** wait long enough for response
142 * difficulties in seeing:
143 ** use large images in high quality
144 ** good lightning of tablet
145 * difficulties in hearing:
146 ** slow speech
147 ** loud (but be careful with the amplitude of music, since to loud music can be stressful)
148 ** good pronunciation of words