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Version 9.5 by Rixt Hellinga on 2024/02/29 12:54
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Rixt Hellinga 7.5 1 //background//
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Rixt Hellinga 9.4 3 A person with dementia, further called the subject in accordance with our ontology, generally forgets information about their relatives and other close persons in their environment. It has been reported that a subject can feel anxious when querying their relatives for information and have a sense of overreliance on those around them (1)(2) .
Rixt Hellinga 9.2 4
Rixt Hellinga 9.4 5 (1) [[https:~~/~~/karger.com/dem/article/42/5-6/342/98881/The-Experience-of-Relations-in-Persons-with>>https://karger.com/dem/article/42/5-6/342/98881/The-Experience-of-Relations-in-Persons-with]]
Rixt Hellinga 9.2 6
Rixt Hellinga 9.4 7 (2) "Some people with dementia desired to maintain positive meaningful relationships by receiving support and love from their family, and by being respected for their remaining abilities, their autonomy, and their continued usefulness" Perspectives of People with Dementia About Meaningful Activities: A Synthesis
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Rixt Hellinga 9.3 9 The subject expresses this reliance through the repetitive need need to ask for information about others in their environment. This burden, as perceived by the subject themselves, can lead to feelings of disconnectedness, separation, and loneliness.
Rixt Hellinga 9.4 10 According to the self-determination theory a subject benefits from autonomy, connectedness, and competence in order to improve their motivation for engagement with activities (3). (4) expanded on the connectedness and determined that connectedness is to self, to others, and the environment is important for participating in activities. In others words, in order for the subject to actively maintain relationships and engage with their relatives through social contact, the three named factors must be stimulated.
Rixt Hellinga 9.3 11
Rixt Hellinga 9.4 12 (3) //Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68.//
Rixt Hellinga 9.3 13
Rixt Hellinga 9.4 14 (4) Areum Han, Jeff Radel, Joan M. McDowd, Dory Sabata (2016). Perspectives of People with Dementia
15 About Meaningful Activities: A Synthesis
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Rixt Hellinga 7.2 17
Rixt Hellinga 7.5 18 //task at hand and related values//
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Rixt Hellinga 7.4 20 The task that a human is trying to accomplish is the task of remembering their relatives well enough to decrease the dependence on those relatives. The values related to this can be found in Schwartz. These values include Self-direction, in the sense that it gives them more freedom, but also security, in the sense that they still recognize and belong to the social order they are used to.
Rixt Hellinga 7.5 21 We can support this task by creating a personal encyclopedia in which all the information of family members. The person can then consult this encyclopedia verbally. Because the cognition of a pwd depends highly on the stage of the dementia (//Week 3.1b -PwDcognitonMusic_Schaefer2023, slide 4//), a solution like this might only be useful in early stage dementia.
Rixt Hellinga 7.3 22
Rixt Hellinga 7.5 23 This can help because "Knowledge can be created when persons actively interact by knowledge exchange, sharing experiences, and taking asymmetric" (Vygotsky). So when reminded by the robot of the relative's information, the pwd will remember it better and be less reliant on their relatives.
Rixt Hellinga 7.3 24
Rixt Hellinga 7.5 25 It is important to consider the balance between important truthful information and upsetting information; Too much (irrelevant) information might upset the pwd. Supported by the Zones of Proximal Development (source?), a person has a range in which content difficulty and skill level have the right proportions to learn. Extending this to dementia patients: The information difficulty and the dementia progression are symmetrically (negatively) correlated.
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Rixt Hellinga 7.5 27
Rixt Hellinga 6.2 28 **Questions to answer here: **
Rixt Hellinga 5.1 29
Rixt Hellinga 6.2 30 * " What tasks and/or values is the human trying to accomplish and how can the technology support the human in doing so? "- xwiki
31 * How is the subject supported by the robot?
32 * Which design patterns and theories support this idea?
Rixt Hellinga 5.1 33
Rixt Hellinga 6.2 34 **Short Answer:**
Rixt Hellinga 2.1 35
Rixt Hellinga 6.4 36 With dementia is has been reported that the subject feels like they're a burden on their loved ones. When they constantly have to ask for information they feel dependent. This isolates them and makes them feel lonely. We can help this in the early stages of dementia by providing a personal encyclopedia.
Rixt Hellinga 4.1 37
Rixt Hellinga 3.1 38
Rixt Hellinga 6.2 39 **Useful theories/design patterns:**
Rixt Hellinga 4.2 40
Rixt Hellinga 6.2 41 * We have to make sure to define 'early' stage well.
42 //"//Cognition: highly dependent on stage of dementia!//" -// //Week 3.1b -PwDcognitonMusic_Schaefer2023, slide 4//
43 * We can use the basic human values from Schwartz.
44 //Basic Human Values Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An overview of the Schwartz theory of basic values. Online readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 11.//
45 * Autonomy is part of the self-determination theory. And also connectedness (and part of connectedness is to not feel alone, which is also relevant for us).
46 //Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68.//
Rixt Hellinga 7.2 47 * Knowledge can be created when persons actively interact by knowledge exchange, sharing experiences, and taking asymmetric (e.g., teaching / learning) roles Rooted in// Vygotsky’s (1896–1934) theory (“an inherent social nature of learning”)//
Rixt Hellinga 6.3 48 * Educator's role is to give children experiences that are within their //Zones of Proximal Development ZPD//, thereby advancing their individual learning (this relates to our issue of truth vs upsetting the patient)
Rixt Hellinga 4.2 49
Rixt Hellinga 4.6 50 [[image:1709192513768-157.png||height="185" width="197"]]
Rixt Hellinga 4.5 51
Rixt Hellinga 4.6 52
Rixt Hellinga 6.6 53 **Other possibly useful resources:**
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55 * Areum Han, Jeff Radel, Joan M. McDowd, Dory Sabata (2016). Perspectives of People with Dementia
56 About Meaningful Activities: A Synthesis
57 * Lazar, A., Thompson, H., & Demiris, G. (2014). A systematic review of the use of technology for reminiscence therapy. //Health education & behavior//, //41//(1_suppl), 51S-61S.
58 * Wilson, R. S., Wang, T., Yu, L., Grodstein, F., Bennett, D. A., & Boyle, P. A. (2021). Cognitive activity and onset age of incident alzheimer disease dementia. Neurology, 97(9).
59 * Chaturvedi, R., Verma, S., Das, R., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023). Social companionship with artificial intelligence: recent trends and future avenues. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 193, 122634.
60 * E. Grandmaison and M. Simard, “A Critical Review of Memory Stimulation Programs in Alzheimer’s Disease,” //The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences//, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 130–144, May 2003
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Rixt Hellinga 4.4 62