Changes for page 1. Socio-Cognitive Support for PwD

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1		-**First sketch**
	1	+" What tasks and/or values is the human trying to accomplish and how can the technology support the human in doing so? "- xwiki
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3		-//background//
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5		-A person with dementia, further called the subject in accordance with our ontology, generally forgets information about their relatives and other close persons in their environment. It has been reported that a subject can feel anxious when querying their relatives for information and have a sense of overreliance on those around them.
	4	+How is the subject supported by the robot?
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	6	+- With dementia is has been reported that the subject feels like they're a burden on their loved ones. When they constantly have to ask for information they feel
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8		-[[https:~~/~~/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8369913/>>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8369913/]]
	8	+Which design patterns and theories support this idea?
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	10	+See the literature section on brightspace
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11		-People with dementia have reported to feel dependent on the people in their surroundings. This is expressed through the repetitive need to ask for information about relatives after memories have faded. Overreliance on relatives can lead to the person with dementia feeling like a burden. This can in turn lead to separation from relatives and loneliness.
12		-According to the self-determination theory a person needs autonomy and connectedness (and competence) in order to "foster the most volitional and high quality forms of motivation and engagement for activities, including enhanced performance, persistence, and creativity." ([[https:~~/~~/selfdeterminationtheory.org/theory/>>https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/theory/]]). (Areum Han) expanded on the connectedness and determined that connectedness is to self, to others, and the environment is important for participating in activities.
13		-This means, in order to motivate the pwd to participate in the usual activities of their 'pre-dementia' lives, and to engage with their relatives, we must promote these three factors.
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15		-//task at hand and related values//
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17		-The task that a human is trying to accomplish is the task of remembering their relatives well enough to decrease the dependence on those relatives. The values related to this can be found in Schwartz. These values include Self-direction, in the sense that it gives them more freedom, but also security, in the sense that they still recognize and belong to the social order they are used to.
18		-We can support this task by creating a personal encyclopedia in which all the information of family members. The person can then consult this encyclopedia verbally. Because the cognition of a pwd depends highly on the stage of the dementia (//Week 3.1b -PwDcognitonMusic_Schaefer2023, slide 4//), a solution like this might only be useful in early stage dementia.
	14	+Cognition: highly dependent on stage of dementia! source Week 3.1b -PwDcognitonMusic_Schaefer2023 slide 4
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20		-This can help because "Knowledge can be created when persons actively interact by knowledge exchange, sharing experiences, and taking asymmetric" (Vygotsky). So when reminded by the robot of the relative's information, the pwd will remember it better and be less reliant on their relatives.
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22		-It is important to consider the balance between important truthful information and upsetting information; Too much (irrelevant) information might upset the pwd. Supported by the Zones of Proximal Development (source?), a person has a range in which content difficulty and skill level have the right proportions to learn. Extending this to dementia patients: The information difficulty and the dementia progression are symmetrically (negatively) correlated.
	17	+We can use the following as a design pattern?
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	19	+Basic Human Values Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An overview of the Schwartz theory of basic values. Online readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 11.
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25		-**Questions to answer here: **
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27		-* " What tasks and/or values is the human trying to accomplish and how can the technology support the human in doing so? "- xwiki
28		-* How is the subject supported by the robot?
29		-* Which design patterns and theories support this idea?
	22	+Autonomy is part of the self-determination theory.
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31		-**Short Answer:**
	24	+Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68.
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33		-With dementia is has been reported that the subject feels like they're a burden on their loved ones. When they constantly have to ask for information they feel dependent. This isolates them and makes them feel lonely. We can help this in the early stages of dementia by providing a personal encyclopedia.
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	27	+Knowledge can be created when persons actively interact by knowledge exchange, sharing experiences, and taking asymmetric (e.g., teaching / learning) roles Rooted in Vygotsky’s (1896–1934) theory (“an inherent social nature of learning”)
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36		-**Useful theories/design patterns:**
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38		-* We have to make sure to define 'early' stage well.
39		-//"//Cognition: highly dependent on stage of dementia!//" -// //Week 3.1b -PwDcognitonMusic_Schaefer2023, slide 4//
40		-* We can use the basic human values from Schwartz.
41		-//Basic Human Values Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An overview of the Schwartz theory of basic values. Online readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 11.//
42		-* Autonomy is part of the self-determination theory. And also connectedness (and part of connectedness is to not feel alone, which is also relevant for us).
43		-//Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68.//
44		-* Knowledge can be created when persons actively interact by knowledge exchange, sharing experiences, and taking asymmetric (e.g., teaching / learning) roles Rooted in// Vygotsky’s (1896–1934) theory (“an inherent social nature of learning”)//
45		-* Educator's role is to give children experiences that are within their //Zones of Proximal Development ZPD//, thereby advancing their individual learning (this relates to our issue of truth vs upsetting the patient)
	30	+Educator's role is to give children experiences that are within their Zones of Proximal Development ZPD, thereby advancing their individual learning (this relates to our issue of truth vs upsetting the patient)
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47	47	[[image:1709192513768-157.png||height="185" width="197"]]
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50		-**Other possibly useful resources:**
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52		-* Areum Han, Jeff Radel, Joan M. McDowd, Dory Sabata (2016). Perspectives of People with Dementia
53		-About Meaningful Activities: A Synthesis
54		-* Lazar, A., Thompson, H., & Demiris, G. (2014). A systematic review of the use of technology for reminiscence therapy. //Health education & behavior//, //41//(1_suppl), 51S-61S.
55		-* Wilson, R. S., Wang, T., Yu, L., Grodstein, F., Bennett, D. A., & Boyle, P. A. (2021). Cognitive activity and onset age of incident alzheimer disease dementia. Neurology, 97(9).
56		-* Chaturvedi, R., Verma, S., Das, R., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023). Social companionship with artificial intelligence: recent trends and future avenues. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 193, 122634.
57		-* E. Grandmaison and M. Simard, “A Critical Review of Memory Stimulation Programs in Alzheimer’s Disease,” //The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences//, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 130–144, May 2003
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