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Changes for page 3. Evaluation Methods

Last modified by William OGrady on 2024/04/08 22:22
From version 41.1
edited by Jean-Paul Smit
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To version 3.3
edited by Jean-Paul Smit
on 2024/03/01 02:31
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1 -To ground the design rationale in practice, the prototype of the NAO for the PwD will be evaluated in a formative evaluation with the PwD and their caregivers. The evaluation will investigate the process of how interaction with the NAO can alleviate potential symptoms caused by early-stage dementia in PwD.  Three methods of evaluation will be applied to have reliable and accurate results, as Bethel. et al (2020)[1] suggests.
1 +To ground the design rationale in practice, the prototype of the NAO for PwD will be evaluated in a formative evaluation with the PwD (subject) and their caregivers. The evaluation will investigate the process of how interaction with the NAO can alleviate potential symptoms caused by early-stage dementia in PwD.  The study will be conducted focused on the prototype's potential effects, which are based on desired values of self-direction, security and conformity.
2 2  
3 -The study will focus on the prototype's potential effects, which are based on the desired value of autonomy as a part of self-direction. Before the study, possible confounding variables need to be examined such as the PwD's attitude towards robots and the** relatedness** and **competence**.
3 +The study will investigate the claims on the following questions:
4 4  
5 -==== ====
5 +~1. Does the design increase the sense of autonomy in PwD?
6 6  
7 -== //**Study design variables**// ==
7 +2. Does the design have a positive effect on PwD's emotional/affective state?
8 8  
9 -The study will hypothesize on the following variables with regards to the system:
9 +3. Is the design dependable; do PwD sense that they can rely on it?
10 10  
11 11  
12 -1. **Relatedness. **Does the design positively affect the PwD's //affective //state?
13 -11. **Affect**. How do participants feel about using the robot in this state?
14 -11. **Attitude towards Technology**. How do people think about using technology? Are they biased towards the robot before the study?
15 -1. **Competence. **Is the design //competent//; is the design capable enough for the PwD to rely on it?
16 -11. **Memory self-efficacy **(pre-study) How good are participants at remembering information?
17 -11. **Memory recall **(post-study) Can the participant accurately retrieve information through the robot?
12 +**Positive effects:**
18 18  
19 -For a sample size as small as 20 participants, it is most adequate to apply a within-subjects design (they require fewer participants) [1]. That means there is an approach where every PwD is experiencing all of the conditions examined. A within-subjects design might be prone to confounds such as pre-existing notions in the environment. That is why the attitude towards robots and the pre-study sense of affect and autonomy should be examined and evaluated as such.
14 +**//Measuring sense of autonomy~://**
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21 -[[image:3\. Evaluation.b\. Test.WebHome@Socio-Cognitive Engineering - Frame 1.jpg]]
16 +//Have the PwD rate themselves on a scale 1-5.//
22 22  
18 +//Have the relatives rate the PwD on a scale 1-5.//
23 23  
24 -=== Surveys ===
20 +//Evaluate how often PwD asks for clarification in a conversation with relatives in #Questions asked.//
25 25  
26 -Affect will be measured by the Self-Assessment Manikin [2] that takes less than a minute. It will be used for both pre-experiment and post-experiment evaluation.
22 +**//Measuring the prevention of negative emotions such as stress~://**
27 27  
28 -For Attitude towards robots, we build upon the works of [reference] and create a set of two 1-minute questions.
24 +//Have the PwD rate themselves on a scale 1-5.//
29 29  
30 -A well-suited tool for Memory self-efficacy is the mini-mental state examination [3]. We adopt it to fit to the ecological validity and domain of interest in our study.
26 +//How often a PwD has a stressed/upset moment according to NAO.//
31 31  
28 +**//Measuring trust in the PwD~://**
32 32  
33 -== //**References**// ==
30 +//How many times a relative calls PwD to check in.//
34 34  
35 -[1] Bethel, C.L., Henkel, Z., Baugus, K. (2020). Conducting Studies in Human-Robot Interaction. In: Jost, C., //et al.// Human-Robot Interaction. Springer Series on Bio- and Neurosystems, vol 12. Springer, Cham. [[https:~~/~~/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42307-0_4>>https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42307-0_4]]
36 36  
37 -[2] Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. //Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry//, //25//(1), 49-59.
33 +**Negative effects:**
38 38  
39 -[3] Kurlowicz, L., & Wallace, M. (1999). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE). //Journal of gerontological nursing//, //25//(5), 8-9.
35 +**//Causing negative emotions with upsetting information~://**
36 +
37 +//Have the PwD rate themselves on a scale 1-5.//
38 +
39 +//How often a PwD has a stressed/upset moment according to NAO.//
40 +
41 +**//Overloading the PwD with information~://**
42 +
43 +//Percentage of information re-asked by the PwD.//
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1 -It would be good to consider, some additional (specific) measures related to memory, like recall and (memory) self-efficacy.
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1 -2024-03-18 16:01:02.566
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1 -xwiki:XWiki.jeanpaulsmit
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1 -Thank you for this valuable suggestion, we adjusted our study design based on it already. Now, would you say that 4-5 dependent variables is too much to evaluate in our study or will it suffice within the time? For example Affect can be measured with a button ([[http:~~/~~/ii.tudelft.nl/~~~~joostb/affectbutton_version2_original.html>>http://ii.tudelft.nl/~~joostb/affectbutton_version2_original.html]]) that takes less than a minute, but the other variables will add up some time.
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1 -2024-03-21 17:03:29.591
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