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Changes for page 3. Evaluation Methods

Last modified by William OGrady on 2024/04/08 22:22
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edited by Jean-Paul Smit
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edited by William OGrady
on 2024/04/04 14:08
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1 1  To ground the design rationale in practice, the prototype of the NAO for the PwD will be evaluated in a formative evaluation with the PwD and their caregivers. The evaluation will investigate the process of how interaction with the NAO can alleviate potential symptoms caused by early-stage dementia in PwD.  Three methods of evaluation will be applied to have reliable and accurate results, as Bethel. et al (2020)[1] suggests.
2 2  
3 -The study will focus on the prototype's potential effects, which are based on the desired value of autonomy as a part of self-direction. Before the study, possible confounding variables need to be examined such as the PwD's attitude towards robots and the **autonomy, relatedness** and **competence**.
3 +The study will focus on the prototype's potential effects, which are based on the desired value of autonomy as a part of self-direction. Before the study, possible confounding variables need to be examined such as the PwD's attitude towards robots and the** relatedness** and **competence**.
4 4  
5 5  ==== ====
6 6  
7 -== //**Study design claims**// ==
7 +== //**Study design variables**// ==
8 8  
9 -The study will investigate the claims on the following questions:
9 +The study will hypothesize on the following variables with regards to the system:
10 10  
11 -~1. **Autonomy. **Does the design increase the sense of //autonomy //in a PwD?
12 12  
13 -2. **Relatedness. **Does the design positively affect the PwD's //affective //state? Do PwDs //like// the system?
12 +1. **Relatedness. **Does the design positively affect the PwD's //affective //state?
13 +11. **Affect**. How do participants feel about using the robot in this state?
14 +11. **Attitude towards Technology**. How do people think about using technology? Are they biased towards the robot before the study?
15 +1. **Competence. **Is the design //competent//; is the design capable enough for the PwD to rely on it?
16 +11. **Memory self-efficacy **(pre-study) How good are participants at remembering information?
17 +11. **Memory recall **(post-study) Can the participant accurately retrieve information through the robot?
14 14  
15 -3. **Competence. **Is the design //dependable//; is the design accessible enough for the PwD to rely on it? Does it feel natural?
19 +For a sample size as small as 20 participants, it is most adequate to apply a within-subjects design (they require fewer participants) [1]. That means there is an approach where every PwD is experiencing all of the conditions examined. A within-subjects design might be prone to confounds such as pre-existing notions in the environment. That is why the attitude towards robots and the pre-study sense of affect and autonomy should be examined and evaluated as such.
16 16  
17 -4. **Memory self-efficacy** and **Recall **(pre-study) How good are participants at remembering information? (post-study) Can the participant accurately retrieve information through the robot?
21 +[[image:3\. Evaluation.b\. Test.WebHome@Socio-Cognitive Engineering - Frame 1.jpg]]
18 18  
19 -5. **Attitude towards Technology**. How do people think about using technology? Are they biased towards the robot before the study?
20 20  
24 +=== //**Surveys**// ===
21 21  
22 -For a sample size as small as 20 participants, it is most adequate to apply a within-subjects design (they require fewer participants) [1]. That means there is an approach where every PwD is experiencing all of the conditions examined. A within-subjects design might be prone to confounds such as pre-existing notions in the environment. That is why the attitude towards robots and the pre-study sense of affect and autonomy should be examined and evaluated as such. Another confounder variable to look into is the study location and environment.
26 +Affect will be measured by the Self-Assessment Manikin [2] that takes less than a minute. It will be used for both pre-experiment and post-experiment evaluation.
23 23  
24 -[[image:Socio-Cognitive Engineering - Frame 1.jpg]]
28 +For Attitude towards robots, we build upon the works of [reference] and create a set of two 1-minute questions.
25 25  
30 +A well-suited tool for Memory self-efficacy is the mini-mental state examination [3]. We adopt it to fit to the ecological validity and domain of interest in our study.
26 26  
32 +
27 27  == //**References**// ==
28 28  
29 -[1] Bethel, C.L., Henkel, Z., Baugus, K. (2020). Conducting Studies in Human-Robot Interaction. In: Jost, C., //et al.// Human-Robot Interaction. Springer Series on Bio- and Neurosystems, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https:~/~/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42307-0_4
35 +[1] Bethel, C.L., Henkel, Z., Baugus, K. (2020). Conducting Studies in Human-Robot Interaction. In: Jost, C., //et al.// Human-Robot Interaction. Springer Series on Bio- and Neurosystems, vol 12. Springer, Cham. [[https:~~/~~/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42307-0_4>>https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42307-0_4]]
36 +
37 +[2] Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. //Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry//, //25//(1), 49-59.
38 +
39 +[3] Kurlowicz, L., & Wallace, M. (1999). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE). //Journal of gerontological nursing//, //25//(5), 8-9.
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