3. Human-Robot Collaboration

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In this section we discuss some concepts used in Human-Robot Interaction we incorporated into the design process. These principles and methods can be used to create a more effective and engaging interaction between Dogg0 and PwD. The //Theory of Mind//, //Shared Mental Model//, and //Ontology //are all concepts that can be applied in the design process of Miro-e, and are discussed below

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**Theory of Mind**

This is the ability to understand other people's mental states, such as their beliefs, intentions, and desires (Cuzollin et al., 2020). In the context of Miro-e, the robot needs to have a theory of mind to effectively interact with people with dementia. For example, the robot needs to be able to recognize when someone is in distress, happy, or sad, and respond appropriately. To achieve this, Miro-e can be designed with sensors that detect facial expressions, vocal cues, and other physical cues that indicate a person's emotional state. On the other hand, the robot also has to behave in a way that the PwD perceives the movements of the robot as behavior originated from real emotions. For example, when the PwD is playing with the Dogg0 that by wiggling its tail and ears and making sounds the robot imitates as if it is really enjoying the interaction.

**Ontology**

This is the study of the nature of existence and the relationships between different entities. In the context of Dogg0, ontology can be used to design the robot's interaction with the environment and other entities, such as people and objects. This can help the robot provide more effective and personalized support (Neerincx et al., 2016) to the person with dementia. For Dogg0, an [[ontology chart>>doc:Ontologies.Elderly-Robot Interaction.WebHome]] has been made, where all the entities are categorized and their relations are visualized.

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**Shared mental model**

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This model is a common understanding between two or more people about a particular task or situation, but can also be applied in human-robot collaboration (Nicolaidis et al., 2012). In the context of Dogg0, a shared mental model can be used to create a more effective interaction between the robot and PwD. For example, the robot can be designed to have a shared mental model with the caregiver or family member who is assisting the PwD. This can help the robot understand the person's needs and preferences more effectively and provide more tailored support.

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1. Cuzolin et al. (2020). Knowing me, knowing you: theory of mind in AI. Cambridge University Press. [[https:~~/~~/www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/knowing-me-knowing-you-theory-of-mind-in-ai/C935A66A018117BA5B1991071393655F>>url:https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/knowing-me-knowing-you-theory-of-mind-in-ai/C935A66A018117BA5B1991071393655F]]

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1. Neerincx et al. (2016). Ontologies for Social, Cognitive and Affective Agent-Based Support of Child’s Diabetes Self Management. European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. [[https:~~/~~/www.dfki.de/fileadmin/user_upload/import/8745_PAL_ECAIpaper_AIdiabetesWorkshop2016_final.pdf>>url:https://www.dfki.de/fileadmin/user_upload/import/8745_PAL_ECAIpaper_AIdiabetesWorkshop2016_final.pdf]]

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1. Nicolaidis et al. (2012). Human-Robot Teaming using Shared Mental Models. ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction (HRI) [[http:~~/~~/www.stefanosnikolaidis.net/papers/HART2012_nikol_shah.pdf>>url:http://www.stefanosnikolaidis.net/papers/HART2012_nikol_shah.pdf]]

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