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Version 13.1 by Rick Dekker on 2023/04/05 11:57

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Clemente van der Aa 3.1 1 **Introduction**
Ruud de Jong 1.1 2
Clemente van der Aa 5.1 3 The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a socially intelligent dog-robot, Dogg0, in providing companionship and reducing stress levels for people with dementia (PwD). The study aims to test the hypothesis that the interactions with the robot will improve the mood of the PwD and enhance their trust in the robot. To achieve this, we will measure trustworthiness, the effect on the mood of the PwD, and the functionalities of the robot. These aspects will be assessed using a questionnaire filled out by participants immediately after the experiment.
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Clemente van der Aa 5.1 6 **Method:**
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Mohamed Elsayed 8.1 8 The prototype was evaluated through an in-person experiment involving multiple participants. Since we cannot conduct the experiment with real PwD, fellow students who are also taking the course and others were recruited as participants. All data collected will be anonymized to maintain confidentiality.
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Clemente van der Aa 5.1 11 **Experimental Design:**
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Mohamed Elsayed 8.1 13 We used a within-subject design in which all participants interacted with the robot.
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Clemente van der Aa 5.1 16 **Tasks:**
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Clemente van der Aa 5.1 18 Participants were instructed to interact with Dogg0 without prior knowledge of all its functionalities. They were free to engage with the robot as they wished.
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Clemente van der Aa 5.1 21 **Measures:**
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Rick  Dekker 13.1 23 A trust score, as described in Gutalli et al. (2019) //(Design, development and evaluation of a human-computer trust scale)//, the effect on the mood of the participant was measured using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of sub-questions related to these aspects and used a Likert Scale to capture the level of agreement and feelings towards these aspects.
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Rick  Dekker 13.1 26 //Trust Score~://
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28 [[image:attach:Screenshot.png]]
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30 According to Gulati et al. (2019), the trust people have in robots consist of 4 different factors:
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32 //1) The Percieved Risk of the Robot~:// This indicates how cautious people feel they have to be around the robot, or how risky they feel it is to interact with the robot. This score inverted shows how much people trust a robot.
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34 //2) The Benevolence of the Robot: //This score shows how much people think a robot will act in their best interests.
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36 //3) The Competence of the Robot: //This shows how well people think the robot is fit for its job.
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38 //4) The Reciprocity of the Robot: //The Reciprocity score indicates how much people feel a connection with the robot.
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Rick  Dekker 10.1 41 //Mood Score~://
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Rick  Dekker 11.1 43 Our Mood Score is derived from the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire //(Hills et al. ,The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being, (2002))//. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire correlates with personality variables like satisfaction with life, self-esteem and happiness. This score can be used to measure the effect of the interaction with Dogg0 on people's happiness.
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Clemente van der Aa 5.1 46 **Procedure:**
Ruud de Jong 1.1 47
Clemente van der Aa 5.1 48 The procedure was conducted as follows:
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Clemente van der Aa 5.1 50 1. Participants were welcomed and informed about the purpose of the study.
51 1. Participants signed a consent form to indicate their willingness to participate and allow researchers to analyze the data gathered from the experiment.
52 1. Participants interacted with the robot.
Rick  Dekker 11.1 53 1. Participants completed a questionnaire that assesed their mood and their trust in Dogg0.
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55 **Materials:**
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57 Two main materials were used in this study. First, a consent form was used to ensure that participants were willing to participate, and their privacy was protected. Second, the Dogg0 robot was used to evaluate its effectiveness. The robot was programmed using MiroCloud and had the same behavior for every participant.
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Ruud de Jong 1.1 60 = 3. Results =
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63 = 4. Discussion =
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66 = 5. Conclusions =