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Wiki source code of 1. Music and Cognition

Last modified by Hugo van Dijk on 2023/04/10 15:01
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Demi Breen 10.1 1 Using the Paro robot [1], [2] performed an 8-week trial in a nursing home. Here they observed that participants' motivation to interact with the robot increased over time. Participants were more positive about the Paro bot compared to the Guide robot. The Guide robot lacks simplicity and ergonomic usability. D. Hebesberger et al. [3] evaluated a robot as an assistant to a walking group of people with advanced dementia. It stimulated the group both acoustically and visually. Results showed that the robot system was promising for improving motivation, group dynamics, and general mood.
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Demi Breen 10.1 3 Mark A. Neerincx et al. [4] used the Nao robot for exercise and reminiscence activities, like music bingo. They noted that the robot becomes a point of discussion and observation. During the interaction, they observed that if one participant is negative towards the robot, this can influence the rest of the group. The assisting caretaker also stressed that their interference is required to keep the participants interacting with the robot. For the physical exercise activities, the participants sometimes had difficulty following all movements. There was also an occasion where a participant got scared of the robot when it talked suddenly after being quiet for a while.
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5 According to the caretaker, the robot's main purpose should be stimulating conversational interaction, and not exercise. And that it should have a less monotonic voice, to make it easier for PwD to understand it.
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Demi Breen 8.1 7 In terms of reminiscence, the participants remembered the robot, but not the music, singing, or dancing. They also responded more to the music than they engaged in talking. It was not clear whether the robot had a positive effect on the PwD's state. However, it did show a positive effect on cognitive activity. They concluded that the robot by itself did not have a positive effect on social interaction, but the music did. Also, over the course of the study, the PwD's interaction with the robot decreased. If a PwD did not like the robot from the start, they often opted out of the study. However, others did display continuously high interest in the robot.
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Hugo van Dijk 7.1 9 In [5], Peeters et al. designed a personal music assistant for people with dementia. They designed three functionalities: An annotated playlist, a music and picture album, and a picture slide show. They implemented these on a robot system with an integrated tablet. The process of the study was concerned with simplifying the interaction for the PwD. They observed that the PwD found it hard to interact with the tablet. In a later iteration, they simplified the design by using pictures. The reaction to music was also very different between the PwD. When the music was too loud this was deemed to be intimidating. Furthermore, a difficult interface makes it hard for PwD to connect with others. Finally, different types of music were found interesting for different age groups.
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12 **References**
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Hugo van Dijk 7.1 14 [1] PARO Therapeutic Robot. (n.d.). http:~/~/www.parorobots.com/
15 \\[2] Wan-Ling Chang, Selma Šabanovic, and Lesa Huber. “Use of seal-like robot PARO in sen-
Hugo van Dijk 6.1 16 sory group therapy for older adults with dementia”. In: 2013 8th ACM/IEEE International
17 Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). IEEE. 2013, pp. 101–102.
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Hugo van Dijk 7.1 19 [3] Denise Hebesberger et al. “Lessons learned from the deployment of a long-term autonomous
Hugo van Dijk 6.1 20 robot as companion in physical therapy for older adults with dementia a mixed methods
21 study”. In: 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction
22 (HRI) (2016). doi: 10.1109/hri.2016.7451730.
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Hugo van Dijk 7.1 24 [4] Mark A. Neerincx et al. “Designing a personal music assistant that enhances the social,
Hugo van Dijk 6.1 25 cognitive, and affective experiences of people with dementia”. In: (), pp. 727–737.
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Hugo van Dijk 7.1 27 [5] Marieke M.M. Peeters, Maaike Harbers, and Mark A. Neerincx. “Designing a personal mu-
Hugo van Dijk 6.1 28 sic assistant that enhances the social, cognitive, and affective experiences of people with
29 dementia”. In: Computers in Human Behavior 63 (2016), pp. 727–737. doi: 10.1016/j.
30 chb.2016.06.003.
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