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1 -Motivation and Dementia
1 +5. Motivation and Dementia
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29 29  
30 30  **"The concept of motivation" by R. S. Peters**
31 31  
32 +[[https:~~/~~/openlibrary.org/works/OL1365827W/The_concept_of_motivation>>https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1365827W/The_concept_of_motivation]]
32 32  
33 33  According to Newcomb (1950) says that "an organism is motivated when and only when it is characterized both by a state of drive and by a direction of behaviour towards some goal which is selected in preference to all other possible goals. Motive, then, is a concept which joins together drive and goal."
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42 42  
43 43  McClelland states that a motive describes a desired end situation. This can be both concerned with an objective or subjective goal. "The boy wants to do a good job" is a valid motive as it describes an end goal.
44 44  
46 +Types of explanations for actions
45 45  
48 +1. 'His reason' explanations: This concept refers to explanations of behavior or motivation that are based on the subjective reasons given by the individual who is engaging in the behavior or experiencing the motivation. Peters argues that it is important to take into account the reasons that people give for their behavior, as these can help us understand their underlying values and goals. For example, if someone says they are motivated to study because they want to understand a particular subject better, this is a 'his reason' explanation.
49 +1. 'The reason' explanations: This concept refers to explanations of behavior or motivation that are based on objective reasons or causes that can be identified by an outside observer. Peters argues that while 'his reason' explanations are important, they may not always be accurate or fully informative, and so it is also important to consider more objective explanations. For example, if someone is motivated to study because they want to get a good grade, this is a 'the reason' explanation.
50 +1. Causal explanations: This concept refers to explanations of behavior or motivation that focus on identifying the causes or factors that bring about the behavior or motivation. Causal explanations can help us understand why people behave in certain ways and what factors influence their motivation. For example, if someone is motivated to study because they are afraid of failing a test, this is a causal explanation.
51 +1. End-state explanations: This concept refers to explanations of behavior or motivation that focus on the ultimate goal or end-state that the individual is trying to achieve. End-state explanations can help us understand the underlying values and priorities of the individual. For example, if someone is motivated to study because they want to become a doctor, this is an end-state explanation.
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56 +Several studies exist on improving motivation in PwD. [3] showed that emotion-based images might boost attention and activity in persons with early-stage Alzheimer’s. They concluded that extracting the emotional content of a scene is more important than details. They also noted that at least in early Alzheimer’s patients can sustain attention and orient themselves visually to emotion-based information. [4] employed mechanical toys to promote movement. Using personally relevant activities and intimate photos, [5] improved the motivation and attitude of Alzheimer’s patients. They showed enhanced orientation in those with intermediate dementia and increased social competency in people with early dementia while stressing the importance of the relevance of the used mediums to the PwD. [6] describes that in order to motivate an organism, said organism needs some sort of drive and a goal that is preferable over other options. A drive is related to emotion, whereas a goal is an objective concept. Combining drive and goal results in a motive. A motive is needed when an action differs from routine behaviour. It describes a desired end situation, either subjective or objective. "The boy wants to do a good job" is an example of a valid motive. There are five types of explanations for actions [6]. ’His reason’ explanations refer to ...
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58 +
59 +
60 +**References**
61 +
62 +[3] Kevin S LaBar et al. “Emotional curiosity: Modulation of visuospatial attention by arousal
63 +is preserved in aging and early-stage alzheimer’s disease”. In: Neuropsychologia 38.13 (2000),
64 +pp. 1734–1740. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00077-4.
65 +[4] Kathleen Mayers and Myra Griffin. “The play project use of stimulus objects with demented
66 +patients”. In: Journal of Gerontological Nursing 16.1 (1990), pp. 32–37. doi: 10.3928/0098-
67 +9134-19900101-08.
68 +[5] M. HOFMANN, C. HOCK, and F. MÜLLER-SPAHN. “Computer-based cognitive training
69 +in alzheimer’s disease patients”. In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 777.1
70 +(1996), pp. 249–254. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34427.x.
71 +[6] R. S. Peters. The concept of motivation. Routledge amp; K. Paul, Humanities P., 1969.
XWiki.XWikiComments[0]
Author
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1 +xwiki:XWiki.MarkNeerincx
Comment
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1 +Very good that you found this literature for your research and development. Now, you have to make it a readable text, and provide the references in standard literature reference format (like a scientific paper), with the literature list at the end of the page.
Date
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1 +2023-03-23 10:17:32.99