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1 -Paper: Socio-Cognitive Engineering of a Robotic Partner for Child's Diabetes Self-Management
1 +Socio-cognitive engineering is a methodology to include human thought, feelings and behaviour in social contexts [1]. It is thus a human-centred approach to the design of technology [2]. M. Sharples et al. [2] state the following design steps in the socio-cognitive engineering process:
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3 -The main takeaways:
3 +1. Problem definition: Identifying the problem scenario for which the technology finds a solution and the needs and goals of the stakeholders
4 +1. User analysis: In this part, the potential users and their knowledge is actively involved in the design process. The user's abilities, preferences and behaviours in social and cultural contexts will be studied in the line of using the technology.
5 +1. Task analysis: In this section, the tasks that the users will perform to achieve the overall goal will be broken down into several smaller parts which are more manageable. Also, potential problems and issues will be identified.
6 +1. Design and development: This contains the creation of prototypes of the technology and testing them with the users. Then the prototype will be refined to meet all the needs.
7 +1. Evaluation: Last, it will be evaluated if the technology is sufficient in achieving the intended goals and also the areas of improvement will be identified.
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5 -- SCE enables the integration of theories and technologies from different fields of knowledge. It is a method that can design solutions for diverse individuals and context-dependent needs for either patients and caregivers.
9 +In the context of designing a robot for helping children with diabetes self-management, the importance of the integration of the human into the design method come forward very clearly. The robot doesn't need to only manage the specific tasks considered with diabetes but also needs to be able to interact with the children and make them feel comfortable in the process [1]. That is why in the design process a big part contains the integration of the knowledge of the healthcare professionals, the children and their parents. In that way, the robot can build the trust of the children, show empathy and support and provide personal guidance that takes into account the child's individual needs and preferences.
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7 --SCE evolved from two previously used methods namely joint cognitive systems and situated cognitive engineering. However, SCE focuses more on human-agent and robot teamwork and patterns. It is a way of modelling social intelligence that evolves over time.
11 +Also Sharples et al. [2] emphasize the importance of incorporating socio-cognitive factors into the design of technology such as empathy, trust and individual needs. In that way, the technology is better suited to personal behaviour, needs and preferences. Also, they highlight that it is important to have a multidisciplinary collaboration of experts from fields such as psychology, engineering and designers to perform the socio-cognitive engineering method sufficiently.
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9 --It is of great importance to apply  "... a comprehensive socio-cognitive methodology that systematically
10 -addresses the social context, the building of a shared human-robot knowledge base and the opportunities to improve and learn continuously."
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12 -- For the inclusion of human factors, three factors are of great importance as stated by the Self-determination theory (STD). These basic needs have a great effect on the development of human behaviour and are given by autonomy, competence and relatedness.
14 +[1] Neerincx MA, van Vught W, Blanson Henkemans O, Oleari E, Broekens J, Peters R, Kaptein F, Demiris Y, Kiefer B, Fumagalli D, Bierman B. Socio-Cognitive Engineering of a Robotic Partner for Child's Diabetes Self-Management. Front Robot AI. 2019 Nov 15;6:118. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2019.00118. PMID: 33501133; PMCID: PMC7805829.
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14 -- The PAL is the first big addition to social robotics and is a great example for future research and the importance of the integration of human factor knowledge into social robotics through design, modelling and evaluation.
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17 -Paper: Socio-cognitive engineering: A methodology for the design of human-centred technology
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19 -[[https:~~/~~/www-sciencedirect-com.tudelft.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0377221701001187>>https://www-sciencedirect-com.tudelft.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0377221701001187]]
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21 -The main takeaways:
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16 +[2] M. Sharples, N. Jeffery, J.B.H. du Boulay, D. Teather, B. Teather, G.H. du Boulay, Socio-cognitive engineering: A methodology for the design of human-centred technology, European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 136, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 310-323, ISSN 0377-2217, [[https:~~/~~/doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00118-7>>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00118-7]]