IDP: Help PwD to paint

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**Design problem: **The PwD would like to paint but is not as active as it used to be because of the dementia condition. The Pepper robot in this case helps them to perform the activity and provides meaningful guidance and suggestions while they are doing the activity.

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**Design solution:** In this design pattern, the robot first instantiates the interaction by first asking the PwD whether they want to perform the painting activity and then at certain milestones of the painting. The suggestions would not be annoying or too frequent so as to not cause annoyance but at proper intervals. The robot's tone remains friendly and uses open gestures to make the interaction less formal.

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**Use when: **After the introduction but before the start of an activity, when PwD is unfamiliar with the flow of the interaction.

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**Design rationale: **This design pattern follows the Didactic Communication pattern introduced by Khan et al., where there is a transmission of information from the robot to the human agent. By explaining the activity, participants will know what to expect and how they can participate in the activity.

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**Example: **In our use case (i.e. "group exercise" as specified by group 4 of the SCE-course in 2020), Pepper explains using speech and hand gestures, the goal of the activity, which is to perform exercise moves together with the PwD. The speech rate is slightly lower than average considering the age and cognitive abilities of the participants. Pepper then explains the steps involved such as playing the song and demonstrating the dance moves that the participants are expected to repeat. Pepper confirms that the explanation is understood and if not, repeats the explanation. For detail on the parameter setting, see the Table below.

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|=(% colspan="2" %)Parameter|=Choice|=Rationale

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|(% colspan="2" %)Gesture Openness|Open|Makes the interaction less formal so that the PwD can familiarize themself better with Pepper.

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|(% colspan="2" %)Gaze Diversion|Diverted|Pepper will be able to look at all the PwD instead of fixating on one of them.

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|(% colspan="2" %)Proxemic Closeness|(((

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Average

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(between close and far)

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)))|Kept in the middle since there will be PwD both close and far away from Pepper at the same time.

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|(% rowspan="3" %)Voice

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|(% colspan="1" %)Pitch|Middle|A high pitch makes Pepper sound friendly but it should not be too high otherwise the PwD might not be able to hear Pepper well.

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|(% colspan="1" %)Speed|Slower than average|Since the PwD are old, a low speech rate will help them understand Pepper better but it should not be too sow otherwise, they will be bored.

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|(% colspan="1" %)Prosody|Strong|The prosody of the voice should be strong so that Pepper can articulate better.

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|(% colspan="2" %)Speech Acts|Informal|An informal tone makes the interaction more comfortable for the participants.

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|(% colspan="2" %)Eye Color|White|The eyes should be white so as to not distract the PwD.

Wiki source code of IDP: Help PwD to paint