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Changes for page b. Test

Last modified by Ilinca Rentea on 2023/04/11 12:25
From version 3.2
edited by Marijn Roelvink
on 2023/03/30 12:55
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 3.1
edited by Varun Singh
on 2023/03/22 13:45
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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1 -XWiki.MarijnRoelvink
1 +XWiki.varunsingh3000
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22 22  
23 23  == 2.2 Experimental Design ==
24 24  
25 -For the experiment, we used a within-subject design, as we did not have enough participants to do a statistically significant between-subject study. To mitigate the transfer effects caused by doing the same activity twice, we had half of the participants starting with the control condition, and half of the participants starting with the test condition.
25 +For the experiment, we used a between-subject design. Two control groups were set up and this allowed us to properly proceed ahead with the evaluation of our research question. The first control group did not interact with the robot at all whereas the second group did. This helped us to avoid bias within our results.
26 26  
27 27  == 2.3 Tasks ==
28 28  
29 -(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)We set up two tasks. One for the control condition and one for the test condition.
29 +(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)We set up two tasks. One for the control group and one for the test group.
30 30  
31 31  (% style="line-height:1.38" %)
32 -(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)For the test condition, we first provided the participant with painting and drawing utensils and a canvas. Then, we started up the robot to guide the activity. The robot was controlled through a Wizard of Oz system.
32 +(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)For the control group, we put each participant in front of a canvas and provided them with pencils and watercolors and asked them to paint whatever they wanted to.
33 33  
34 -
35 35  (% style="line-height:1.38" %)
36 -(% style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap" %)For the control condition, we provided the participant with art supplies as well, but here the robot was not involved. Instead they received an activity sheet which guided the participants in the same flow as the robot would do. The only main guidance that couldn't be given on paper was the search function for a suitable topic or personal picture to draw/paint.
35 +(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)For the test group, we provided them with the painting and drawing utensils and the canvas as well, but we had our robot guiding the activity. The robot was controlled through a Wizard of Oz system.
37 37  
38 38  == 2.4 Measures ==
39 39  
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40 40  (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)We solely used qualitative measures for our experiment, as painting is a highly subjective experience.
41 41  
42 42  (% style="line-height:1.38" %)
43 -(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)We gave each participant a questionnaire before and after the session.
42 +(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)We gave each participant a questionnaire before and after the session. In both the before and after questionnaires we measured their mood and satisfaction to derive the change that the session brought to their mental status.
44 44  
45 45  (% style="line-height:1.38" %)
46 -(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)In the before questionnaire, we asked them about their mood, painting experience and general attitude to robots. This was done to later check if those variables have interaction effects with the main results. See [[here >>https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=TVJuCSlpMECM04q0LeCIewsut64TrQ5KmT3QxEFJ2z1URElCMFZGWFFOM085MFVMOExXNVdLRjRSNC4u]]the before questionnaire.
45 +(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)We also asked them for more specific feedback on different functions of the robot so we could find areas to improve, as this was the first prototype.
47 47  
48 48  (% style="line-height:1.38" %)
49 -(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)In the after questionnaire, we measured their experience of the activity, using an adapted version of the PACE questionnaire used in [1]. We also asked two extra questions to gauge their likelihood of long-term engagement, and perceived self competence. See [[here >>https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=TVJuCSlpMECM04q0LeCIewsut64TrQ5KmT3QxEFJ2z1UN1M0T1pLU1hTN1NIRkw5MjhSWldPRzJUWC4u]]the after questionnaire.
48 +(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:11pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Lastly, we also measured their previous experience with painting, to see if the robot has a different impact on experienced and inexperienced painters.
50 50  
51 51  == 2.5 Procedure ==
52 52  
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74 74  
75 75  = 3. Results =
76 76  
77 -== RQ1: ==
78 78  
79 -The result of 1 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=1.4975794013422261, pvalue=0.14346974449383315)
80 -The result of 2 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=-1.4223714338623947, pvalue=0.16402857963283687)
81 -The result of 3 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=-1.3247032534410947, pvalue=0.19410483688054006)
82 -The result of 4 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=0.21883172517636015, pvalue=0.8280894550130451)
83 -The result of 5 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=1.1103001118645561, pvalue=0.2746606492169669)
84 -The result of 6 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=-0.4963635881027171, pvalue=0.622831867082795)
85 -The result of 7 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=1.7856873313329575, pvalue=0.08307261813922004)
86 -The result of 8 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=-0.8367967692050108, pvalue=0.4085500396596581)
87 -The result of 9 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=0.9858982364095322, pvalue=0.3311474288136296)
88 -The result of 10 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=0.5978655614807643, pvalue=0.5538913868506702)
89 -The result of 11 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=0.6993338931663364, pvalue=0.48910044218053905)
90 -The result of 12 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=-0.6636373315087242, pvalue=0.5113976377267673)
91 -The result of 13 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=1.681821310426211, pvalue=0.10176776499485188)
92 -The result of 14 is : Ttest_indResult(statistic=-2.6406213957953537, pvalue=0.012408357809218102)
93 -
94 94  = 4. Discussion =
95 95  
96 96  
97 97  = 5. Conclusions =
98 -
99 -
100 -=== References ===
101 -
102 -1. Mullen, S.P., Olson, E.A., Phillips, S.M. //et al.// Measuring enjoyment of physical activity in older adults: invariance of the physical activity enjoyment scale (paces) across groups and time. //Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act// **8**, 103 (2011). https:~/~/doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-103