Changes for page 3. Human-Robot Collaboration

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4	4	\\Since dementia is a progressive illness the load of the caretakers increases over time. Easing the burden on the caretaker is therefore a vital field of research for social robots. It is therefore important to get the opinion of feedback of caretakers, especially since they are responsible for the wellbeing and the safety of the people with dementia. This ensures that the design, development and implementation of dementia care robots is done in a way that has actual use for the people in the field and reduces the chance for unmet expectations, missed requirements and overpromises. Autonomy is an important factor in this since they, on average, relieved more of the burden on the caretakers. However this is counteracted by their lesser acceptance by patients, who feel more comfortable if family member or caretaker was in control. Autonomous robots hence did not decrease someone's level of loneliness to a similar level as a controlled robot does. Therefore, the level of autonomy is an important consideration while developing a social robot.
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7		-Daniel Woods, Fengpei Yuan, Ying-Ling Jao, and Xiaopeng Zhao. 2021. Social Robots for Older Adults with Dementia: A Narrative Review on Challenges & Future Directions. In Social Robotics: 13th International Conference, ICSR 2021, Singapore, Singapore, November 10–13, 2021, Proceedings. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 411–420. [[https:~~/~~/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_35>>https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_35]]
	7	+//Daniel Woods, Fengpei Yuan, Ying-Ling Jao, and Xiaopeng Zhao. 2021. Social Robots for Older Adults with Dementia: A Narrative Review on Challenges & Future Directions. In Social Robotics: 13th International Conference, ICSR 2021, Singapore, Singapore, November 10–13, 2021, Proceedings. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 411–420. [[https:~~/~~/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_35>>https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_35]]//
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10	10	M. R. Lima et al., "Conversational Affective Social Robots for Ageing and Dementia Support," in IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1378-1397, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TCDS.2021.3115228.
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	12	+One of the earliest stages of dementia is Mild Cognitive Impairment which mildly impairs someone's memory, thinking and functioning. Cognitive games can be an effective strategy to mitigate the effect of MCI. This includes working memory, reasoning, attention, functioning, reduced anxiety and reduced depression. Robot interfaces are particular potent interface for such games. This study focuses on getting feedback from elderly and caretakers about cognitive games on robot interfaces. 10 participants perform a cognitive exercise on a robot after which they performed a questionnaire about the perceived enjoyment and difficulty of the game. Finally this was supplemented by two experts giving their opinion of the game. Games where typically seen as easy to moderate with relatively high satisisfaction, but feeling where mixed on whether they would like to do it again. Accent and word choice where also downsides. Finally, participants found the game boring and repetitive. Experts considered the concept of the game beneficial to people with MCI, but saw problems in accessibility and the relative complexity. Suggestions include making it easier to us by using selection rather than dragging. Including negative reinforcement caused the robot to sound patronizing and taunting.  Researchers noticed that participants struggled with understanding the instructions. The biggest issue with accessibility is touch screen sensitivity and finger pressure.
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13		-\\\\\\Mikaela Law, Ho Seok Ahn, Bruce MacDonald, Dina-Sara Vasjakovic, JongYoon Lim, Min Ho Lee, Craig Sutherland, Kathy Peri, Ngaire Kerse, and Elizabeth Broadbent. 2019. User Testing of Cognitive Training Games for People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Design Implications. In Social Robotics: 11th International Conference, ICSR 2019, Madrid, Spain, November 26–29, 2019, Proceedings. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 464–473. https:~/~/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35888-4_43
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	15	+//Mikaela Law, Ho Seok Ahn, Bruce MacDonald, Dina-Sara Vasjakovic, JongYoon Lim, Min Ho Lee, Craig Sutherland, Kathy Peri, Ngaire Kerse, and Elizabeth Broadbent. 2019. User Testing of Cognitive Training Games for People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Design Implications. In Social Robotics: 11th International Conference, ICSR 2019, Madrid, Spain, November 26–29, 2019, Proceedings. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 464–473. https:~/~/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35888-4_43//
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15	15	One of the primary problems in care homes is the feeling in lonely in elderly. Social interaction is an important method to reduce loneliness, but is hard to achieve in care homes. Animal robots have shown promise in this area, however lack the depth of real conversation. On the other hand, for that level of Human-Robot Interaction much more complicated natural language processing, text-to-speech and dialogue management technologies must be created than the current state of the art. Robots should not replace human care, however and instead augment it.
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17	17	This study measures the attitude of young and old people towards the Nao social robot. It had 65 Dutch participants of which 24 where seniors and 28 students.  The goal of the robot interactions was to increase interaction of participants between each other, this is done by the robot introducing a puzzle and only further engaging if they asked for a hint or repeat the riddle.
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18	18	\\For both groups the level of anxiety has gone down significantly. Elderly perceived the robot as similarly useful, while students saw it as less useful. This could be explained by a different set of needs: elderly expect a robot to perform more communicative tasks while young adults prefer a robot that does physical tasks. Elderly are typically positive about the interaction had with the robot. All participants felt comfortable with each other participating in the experiment. Elderly preferred one-on-one interactions and wanted continued interaction with the robot. After the experiment concluded participants continued conversations about robots or similar topics indicating that social robots may be a useful tool in augmenting human conversation rather than replacing it
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21		-Lizzy Sinnema and Maryam Alimardani. 2019. The Attitude of Elderly and Young Adults Towards a Humanoid Robot as a Facilitator for Social Interaction. In Social Robotics: 11th International Conference, ICSR 2019, Madrid, Spain, November 26–29, 2019, Proceedings. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 24–33. https:~/~/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35888-4_3
	23	+//Lizzy Sinnema and Maryam Alimardani. 2019. The Attitude of Elderly and Young Adults Towards a Humanoid Robot as a Facilitator for Social Interaction. In Social Robotics: 11th International Conference, ICSR 2019, Madrid, Spain, November 26–29, 2019, Proceedings. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 24–33. https:~/~/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35888-4_3//
22	22	\\Yu C, Sommerlad A, Sakure L, Livingston G. Socially assistive robots for people with dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of feasibility, acceptability and the effect on cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life. Ageing Res Rev. 2022 Jun;78:101633. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101633. Epub 2022 Apr 21. PMID: 35462001.
23		-\\Hendrix, J., Feng, Y., Van Otterdijk, M., & Barakova, E. I. (2019). Adding a Context: Will It Influence Human-Robot Interaction of People Living with Dementia? //Lecture Notes in Computer Science//. https:~/~/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35888-4_46
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	27	+**Application to our Robot**
	28	+Prior work indicates the importance and potential of using social robots to engage patients with dementia, slow the process and improve the quality of their life. The highest need of the patient is that of getting individual care and combating the feeling of loneliness. Due to the progressive nature of dementia, it keeps asking a greater role of the caretaker. Robots in this realm therefore should augment humans rather than replace them. Our robot therefore aims to ease the interactions between the closed one of the person in question to ease their ability to socialize with them. By allowing them to add their own information, it gives a personal connection to the robot while still maintaining the autonomy of the agent. This gives the biggest decrease in the workload of the caretaker. The choice of helping with communication is a good one, since this is what the target population expects of the robot.
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