Changes for page Test

Last modified by Mathieu Jung-Muller on 2022/04/04 13:52

From 112.1 to 111.1 From 114.1 to 113.2

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113.2

edited by Sneha Lodha
on 2022/04/03 23:58

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112.1

edited by Mathieu Jung-Muller
on 2022/04/03 19:14

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--XWiki.snehalodha
++XWiki.Mathieu

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  == Results ==
--The following sections contains the results gather from the affect and system assessment. Apart from the printed version being included below, the results are also included as interactive graphs. To get a better version with more information (data point information on mouse hovering for instance), simply click the provided link for each graph.
++We produced our results as interactive graphs. Only a printed version is shown below. To get a better version with more information (data point information on mouse hovering for instance), click the provided link for each graph.
  === Affect assessment ===
  [[Affect assessment, interactive version>>https://pietro99.github.io/SCE/graphs/mood_questionnaire.html]]
  [[image:mood.svg]]
--Figure 1: Graphical results of affect assessment before and after conducting the evaluation activity with Pepper.
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--Table 1: Results of wilcoxon statistical test on affect assessment
--We analyzed the participants' moods before and after the interaction with Pepper in order to be able to observe positive and negative changes that are caused by the interaction with Pepper. The hypothesis H0 is that Pepper does not have any effect, which would mean that the questionnaires 1 and 2 should give the exact same values for each of the six feelings. However, the graphs and table below show that there is a slight increase regarding positive feelings, and a slight decrease as well regarding negative feelings. The Wilcoxon Signed-rank demonstrated that the only statistically significant change happened for contentness and tiredness based on a p-value threshold of 0.05.
++The hypothesis H0 is that Pepper does not have any effect. In this case, the questionnaires 1 and 2 should give the exact same values for each of the six feelings. However, the graphs and table below show that there is a slight increase regarding positive feelings, and a sligt decrease as well regarding negative feelings.
++There are however many biases in these results. The main one that we isolated is that the activity of gardening itself could lead to the mood improvement. For this reason, we made subgroups based on whether the participants liked gardening or not.
--There however exists an important source of bias in the above mentioned result. The main one that we isolated is that the activity of gardening itself could lead to the mood improvement. For this reason, we made subgroups based on whether the participants liked gardening or not.
--
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++We did not notice any relevant pattern indicating a significant difference between "like gardening" and "dislike gardening" groups. It seems to be that this is not the cause of the mood improvement.
--In order to analyze the difference in the mood change between people who liked the activity of gardening and people who did not, we divided the assessments into two groups and performed a Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test. The results show that only the contentness mood shows a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Hence, we did not notice any relevant pattern indicating a significant difference between "like gardening" and "dislike gardening" groups. It seems to be that this is not the cause of the mood improvement.
--This confirms that PwDs can potentially benefit from a boost of energy from interacting with Pepper and, if the activity is enjoyable, a general improvement in contentness as well.
--
--
  === System assessment ===
  [[System assessment, first subset of questions, interactive version>>https://pietro99.github.io/SCE/graphs/first_questionnaire_1.html]]
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  == Discussion ==
--* Reliability: The evaluation is reliable. One could replicate the same experiment with other patients.
--* Validity: This evaluation is not really valid. Our feasible evaluation does not have the corresponding target group, and is of a much smaller scope compared to our ideal evaluation. We cannot test all our claims.
--* Biases: The evaluation has large biases. This is discussed more in detail in the limitations where the different bias factors are explained.
--* Scope: The evaluation can be generalized to a larger scope, although with a lot of care, since the evaluation is not fully valid.
--* Ecological validity: The evaluation is partially valid in terms of influence from the environment. The affect assessment questionnaire is the same before the activity and after, with the same environment, so the environment is technically not involved in this. However, the system assessment questionnaire does rely on some elements from the environment.
++* Reliability: Yes. One could replicate the same experiment with other patients.
++* Validity: TBD.
++* Biases: TBD.
++* Scope: No. It would be very difficult to generalize the results, since each prototype is built for a special patient. However, if the results conclude that the customized prototypes did improve the well-being of the people, then similar effort to customize Pepper for more patients should produce similar effects.
++* Ecological validity: Yes. Since we compare "without Pepper" (BEFORE) and "with Pepper" (AFTER) in a similar environment (i.e., for everything but Pepper), the results are not dependent on the environment.
--**Affect assessment questionnaire**
++**mood questionnaire**
  We analyzed the participants' moods before and after the interaction with Pepper in order to be able to observe positive and negative changes that are caused by the interaction with Pepper. the results showed that, in general, there is a slight increase in positive moods and a slight decrease in negative moods. The Wilcoxon Signed-rank demonstrated that the only statistically significant change happened for contentness and tiredness based on a p-value threshold of 0.05.