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Last modified by Mathieu Jung-Muller on 2022/04/04 13:52
From version Icon 108.1 Icon
edited by Pietro Piccini
on 2022/04/03 15:56
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version Icon 103.1 Icon
edited by Mathieu Jung-Muller
on 2022/04/03 14:14
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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Author
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1 -XWiki.PietroPiccini
1 +XWiki.Mathieu
Content
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188 188  
189 189  We produced our results as interactive graphs. Only a printed version is shown below. To get a better version with more information (data point information on mouse hovering for instance), click the provided link for each graph.
190 190  
191 -For the statistical test, we used the Wilcoxon test because we do not assume that our data is normally distributed.
192 -we used the Wilcoxon Signed-rank test to measure the statistical significance of the mood change before and after Pepper's interaction because the data comes from the same group of participants.
193 -To measure the statistical significance between two different groups (liking gardening group and disliking gardening group) we use the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test.
194 -The statistics value of the test is the sum of the difference in the rank.
195 -the p-value is the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as the one we obtained given that the null hypothesis is true. We decided to set a threshold of 5% to claim statistical significance.
196 -
197 197  === Affect assessment ===
198 198  
199 199  [[Affect assessment, interactive version>>https://pietro99.github.io/SCE/graphs/mood_questionnaire.html]]
200 200  [[image:mood.svg]]
201 -
202 -{{html}}
203 -<!DOCTYPE html>
195 +{{html}}<!DOCTYPE html>
204 204  <html>
205 205  <head>
206 206  <style>
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258 258  </table>
259 259  
260 260  </body>
261 -</html>
262 -{{/html}}
253 +</html>{{/html}}
263 263  
264 264  The hypothesis H0 is that Pepper does not have any effect. In this case, the questionnaires 1 and 2 should give the exact same values for each of the six feelings. However, the graphs and table below show that there is a slight increase regarding positive feelings, and a sligt decrease as well regarding negative feelings.
265 265  There are however many biases in these results. The main one that we isolated is that the activity of gardening itself could lead to the mood improvement. For this reason, we made subgroups based on whether the participants liked gardening or not.
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324 324  
325 325  </body>
326 326  </html>
318 +
327 327  {{/html}}
328 328  
329 329  We did not notice any relevant pattern indicating a significant difference between "like gardening" and "dislike gardening" groups. It seems to be that this is not the cause of the mood improvement.
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333 333  
334 334  [[System assessment, first subset of questions, interactive version>>https://pietro99.github.io/SCE/graphs/first_questionnaire_1.html]]
335 335  [[image:group1.svg]]
336 -
337 -{{html}}
338 -<!DOCTYPE html>
328 +{{html}}<!DOCTYPE html>
339 339  <html>
340 340  <head>
341 341  <style>
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390 390  </table>
391 391  
392 392  </body>
393 -</html>
394 -{{/html}}
383 +</html>{{/html}}
395 395  
396 396  In this first system assessment graph, it is shown that participants slightly agree that Pepper made the task easier for them, and generally agree that she was easy to understand.
397 397  
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398 398  
399 399  [[System assessment, second subset of questions, interactive version>>https://pietro99.github.io/SCE/graphs/first_questionnaire_2.html]]
400 400  [[image:group2.svg]]
401 -
402 -{{html}}
403 -<!DOCTYPE html>
390 +{{html}}<!DOCTYPE html>
404 404  <html>
405 405  <head>
406 406  <style>
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449 449  </table>
450 450  
451 451  </body>
452 -</html>
453 -{{/html}}
439 +</html>{{/html}}
454 454  
455 455  The sense of accomplishment is slightly higher for people who like gardening that for those who do not. It is globally around slightly agree.
456 456  An interesting fact to notice is that participants who do not like gardening felt more in control of what they had to do.
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458 458  
459 459  [[System assessment, third subset of questions, interactive version>>https://pietro99.github.io/SCE/graphs/first_questionnaire_3.html]]
460 460  [[image:group3.svg]]
461 -
462 -{{html}}
463 -<!DOCTYPE html>
447 +{{html}}<!DOCTYPE html>
464 464  <html>
465 465  <head>
466 466  <style>
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509 509  </table>
510 510  
511 511  </body>
512 -</html>
513 -{{/html}}
496 +</html>{{/html}}
514 514  
515 515  The participants globally disagree that the presence of Pepper annoyed, frustrated or pressured them. Those who like gardening actually had a bit more negative feelings regarding the presence of Pepper than those who dislike gardening.
516 516  
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517 517  
518 518  [[System assessment, fourth subset of questions, interactive version>>https://pietro99.github.io/SCE/graphs/first_questionnaire_4.html]]
519 519  [[image:group4.svg]]
520 -
521 -{{html}}
522 -<!DOCTYPE html>
503 +{{html}}<!DOCTYPE html>
523 523  <html>
524 524  <head>
525 525  <style>
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565 565  </table>
566 566  
567 567  </body>
568 -</html>
569 -{{/html}}
549 +</html>{{/html}}
570 570  
571 571  This graph shows that the trust in Pepper was highly dependent on whether the participants enjoyed the activity or not.
572 572  
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578 578  * Scope: No. It would be very difficult to generalize the results, since each prototype is built for a special patient. However, if the results conclude that the customized prototypes did improve the well-being of the people, then similar effort to customize Pepper for more patients should produce similar effects.
579 579  * Ecological validity: Yes. Since we compare "without Pepper" (BEFORE) and "with Pepper" (AFTER) in a similar environment (i.e., for everything but Pepper), the results are not dependent on the environment.
580 580  
581 -We analyzed the participants' moods before and after the interaction with Pepper in order to be able to observe positive and negative changes that are caused by Pepper. the results showed that, in general, there is a slight increase in positive moods and a slight decrease in negative moods. The Wilcoxon Signed-rank demonstrated that the only statistically significant change happened for contentness and tiredness based on a p-value threshold of 0.05.
582 -
583 -It is often the case that PwDs have to perform tasks that are not enjoyable for them such as taking medicines or performing routine activities. In order to analyze the difference in the mood change between people who liked the activity and people who didn't we divided into two groups and performed a Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test. The results show that only the contentness mood shows a statistically significant difference between the two groups.
584 -This confirms that PwDs can potentially benefit from a boost of energy from interacting with Pepper and, if the activity is enjoyable, a general improvement in contentness as well.
585 -
586 -
587 -
588 -
589 -
590 -
591 591  == Conclusions ==
592 592  
593 593  The results from the mood questionnaire seem to support our claims CL10: the PwD feels reassured and CL11: the PwD feels content.