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Last modified by Tim Huisman on 2022/04/05 09:13
From version Icon 2.1 Icon
edited by Ricardo Vogel
on 2022/02/09 10:57
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version Icon 4.4 Icon
edited by Rohan Sobha
on 2022/02/12 12:58
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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Author
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1 -XWiki.ricardovogel
1 +XWiki.rsobha
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1 -
2 2  == PACT Analysis ==
3 3  
4 4  === People ===
4 +
5 5  The target audience is people with dementia. Dementia comes in multiple stages: [[src>>https://www.dementiacarecentral.com/aboutdementia/facts/stages/]]
6 6  
7 7  * Pre-dementia: Some subtle signs appear
8 8  * Early dementia: Starts becoming noticeable for others
9 -* Middle dementia: Situation worsens, almost all new information will be lost
10 -* Late: Constant assistance is necessary, may wander or fall
9 +* Middle dementia: Situation worsens as barely any new information is being registered in memory.
10 +* Late: Continuous assistance is necessary as patients may wander off or fall down due to lack of orientation and/or coordination.
11 11  
12 12  Besides symptoms of dementia, other characteristics of the elderly should be considered when designing the systems, including but not limited to:
13 13  
14 -* Decreased sight
15 -* Decreased hearing
16 -* Lack of understanding of technology
17 -* Motor issues
14 +* Impaired vision
15 +* Impaired hearing
16 +* Cognitive inability to comprehend new technology
17 +* Lack of prior basic knowledge to engage with technology
18 +* Motor issues including speech impediments
18 18  
19 19  === Activities ===
20 -These activities can help slow down progression or levitate symptoms of dementia: [[src(wikipedia for now)>>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia#Psychological_and_psychosocial_therapies]]
21 -* Reminiscence therapy
22 -* Offer tailored experiences
23 -* Animal-assisted therapy
24 -* Music
25 -* Exercise
26 26  
22 +These activities can help slow down progression or alleviate symptoms of dementia: [[Wikipedia>>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia#Psychological_and_psychosocial_therapies]], [[ReJAM>>https://rejam.tudelft.nl/?q=node/4]]
23 +
24 +* Reminiscence therapy: therapy that triggers the recall of memories
25 +* Animal-assisted therapy: to provide patients with a primal familiar feeling and helps them connect with nature [[Perspectives of People with Dementia>>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1533317515598857]]
26 +* Music and Exercise: they serve multiple goals such as increasing physical activity and cognitive stimulation among others.
27 +
27 27  === Contexts ===
28 -* Care home
29 - * Individual setting
30 - * Group setting
31 - * Constant support available, but may be busy
32 -* Own house
33 - * Earlier stages
34 - * Nurse may be on call
35 - * Loneliness
36 36  
30 +People with dementia can have residence in a care center or their own home.
31 +
32 +==== Care Center ====
33 +
34 +Residents of a care center conduct their activities in both an **individual setting** as well as in a **group setting**. Different settings come with their own challenges.
35 +
36 +* Individual setting: there is no direct supervision, so it may take a while for a caretaker to reach the patient. However, whenever a caretaker is present, the patient usually gets their full deserved attention.
37 +* Group setting: there is direct supervision at all times, but if an accident occurs involving a patient from the group who needs immediate attention and urgent care, this leaves the rest of the group hanging which diminishes the effectiveness.
38 +
39 +==== Own home ====
40 +
41 +Patients with dementia who reside in their own home are usually in one of three settings:
42 +
43 +1. Family (living with children and/or spouse) possibly having a health worker coming once or twice a week
44 +1. Sole with nearby assistance
45 +1. Sole with no assistance
46 +
47 +Patients in the earlier stages of dementia tend to go about their day and try to hide their symptoms from their loved ones. If a loved one finds out, they may not seek help for them out of being afraid of the stigma that comes with dementia. This occurs more often in a family situation than in situations where the patient is alone. In the second situation, the patient may have access to a nurse on call, but stigma, cognitive capability of seeking help and the limited availability of nurses makes the care insufficient for these patients in the earlier phases of dementia. This elevates their feeling of lonliness. In later phases, they are more keen to seek help as they will prompt nurses to show up to feel less lonely.
48 +
37 37  === Technologies ===
38 38  
51 +Presently, there is supporting technology available, but the patients may experience difficulty regarding providing input and processing output from the devices that embed this technology.
52 +
53 +==== Input ====
54 +
55 +Pressing buttons, touching screens or vocalizing one's desire to engage with supporting technology is difficult as it requires a significant amount of patience from loved ones and healthcare workers alike and sometimes even impossible. In cases this is possible, the reduced recall from short-term memory and reduced digital literacy of these patients can cause the device to respond to unintentional implicit inputs.
56 +
57 +==== Output ====
58 +
59 +Patients often experience hardships processing text and audio output from the supporting devices. In addition, changes to the environment like the introduction of a robot provoke feelings of strong unease and unfamiliarity.
Icon XWiki.XWikiComments[0]
Author
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1 +XWiki.ricardovogel
Comment
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1 +We should decide on an explicit target audience soon. For example a system made for late-stage dementia would look very different from one made for early-stage. (I would say aim for early- and middle-stage. As the system will be used in an individual setting, it is probably not appropriate for late-stage dementia patients)
Date
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1 +2022-02-11 11:53:59.208
Icon XWiki.XWikiComments[1]
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1 +XWiki.rsobha
Comment
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1 +Yes, I wholeheartedly agree. We should develop this supportive technology in favor of preventative care rather than overwhelm patients who need to be attended to 24/7 anyway. I foresee that the supportive technology could inhibit the development of worsening symptoms. Hence, we should target the group who is in the early stage as prospective patients tend not to seek help in the onset stage (Pre-dementia). So, the assumption is that the patients have accepted the fact that they are suffering from dementia and therefore willing to try novel forms of treatment.
Date
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1 +2022-02-12 12:54:38.581
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