Step 1: Use Case
| Topic | Question | Answer Group 1 | Answer Group 2 | Answer Group 3 |
Stakeholders | Which stakeholders are involved in your use case? (if there are many, choose 3 max to focus on) Please add name, age, gender, and one hobby (i.e. a first step towards the identification of personas). | Patient: Thomas, 52 years old, collects and smokes sigars. Someone suffering from T2DM for some time now. Friend/family: Klaas, 28 years old, likes to play and walk with his dogs. A friend or family member of the patient. | Patient: Bob, 60 years old, banker and soccer coach. Medical Doctor (MD): Anna, 42 years old and a cyclist. Spouse: Alice, teacher and plays hockey. ---- Similarly, recognize a wider variety of patient groups. For instance, patients with a low literacy. | T2DM patient: either older (58-65, diabetes for a longer time, additional illnesses), or younger (employer more involved, high risk of developing complications) Partner/direct family: who are caregivers for the patient (“mantelzorgers”) Employer Zorgverlener (consulterend) Zorgverlener (uitvoerend) Health professionals Second line specialists Insurance companies/government (“the one who pays”) Zorginstituut Nederland Scientific organisations Pharmaceutical industry Interest groups (community) Researcher Municipality |
Stakeholders' goal | What do these people want to achieve? | Thomas does not care overly much for his own health, he does care for his family however. He wants to see his grandchildren grow up and be able to play with them. Sanne started as a general practitioner to help people become more healthy in their everyday lives. She often sees T2DM patients that vary widely in their needs, health and willingness to to address issues and wants to offer each the advice and treatments that fits them best. She wants to translate the needs of patients such as from Thomas to effective interventions. Klaas is worried that his father Thomas does not take good care of himself or does not put sufficient effort into this. He wants to remove any (mental) barriers that might hinder Thomas. | Bob wants to manage his glucose levels better. I would lke to have a better quality of life. Anna wants her advice to be heard by her patients. Alice wants Bob to feel better and happier. | Patient: maintain quality of life, do as little as possible, intervene at certain moment in time (at first diagnosis, when complications occur, etc.), bring diabetes in remission (10%)/accept (90%) Partner/direct family: enjoy as long as possible, maintain status quo, simulate independence Employer: labor productivity, employability Zorgverlener (consulterend): decrease administrative load, keep healthcare accessible, motivate patient for lifestyle changes Zorgverlener (uitvoerend): well-informed patient, effective treatment of disease/affliction Health professionals: support lifestyle change, maintain income (financial position) Second line specialists: provide quality healthcare, welfare of the patient, make money Insurance companies/government: keep healthcare sustainable (“duurzaam en houdbaar”), spend lowest amount of money Municipality: prevent disturbance of public order, provide safe living environment for individual citizens Zorginstituut: keep healthcare sustainable Scientific organisations: improving healthcare Pharmaceutical industry: generate revenue, appreciation |
Values and motivation | Why do these people want to achieve this?
| Thomas values family and friends. He is driven to not become a burden to them and to support them as much as he possibly can. He understands that he needs to be in good health to do so, but it troubles him that he apparantly needs to change for that even though he does not feel unhealthy or has any of the complications people tell him about. He does not want to give up his sundays with family while smoking a cigar and eating some cake. Sanne values altruism as she wants to help her community with their health. She is driven by her experiences what (chronic) health issues can do to a person and their family and friends. It troubles her greatly that a patient like Thomas is so difficult to motivate to change his lifestyle. Those short moments she gets to speak to him, she gets the impression he could be made to change but is hindered by a lack of understanding why this is needed. She tries to explain to him the potential complications but he does not seem to take it by heart. This frustrates her every time. Klaas values honesty and kindness. He is driven to support his father, Thomas, in his required lifestyle changes such that he can play with his grandchildren every sunday. He wants nothing else for his father, then that he is able to enjoy his life. It worries him however to see his father smoke and eat unhealthy every time. Often this leads to arguments as he feels his father is not being honest about his efforts to change his life style. | Bob wants to spend time with his family. Anna wants to perform valuable work, contribute to society and interact with others and build a relationship with them. Alice wants to learn more about T2DM.
| Zorgverlener (uitvoerend): satisfied patient Healthcare professionals: maintain income
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Role, task and context | What is humans' role in the overall task performance or activities? (e.g., think about the responsibilities) What are the main tasks or activities of these people? (Note that the roles, tasks or activities of the humans can change due to the introduction of new technology) Which context factors have a major effect on the performance or activities? | For Thomas to prevent complications in the near future he needs to change his lifestyle in a sustainable way. In the end, it is Thomas who is reponsible for making these changes. No one else can exercise for him, stop smoking and change his diet. He finds this very difficult however, as he does not experience the complications he is being informed about nor is he currently limited in living his life as he want to. Sanne talks with Thomas about once every three months to monitor his health and progress in preventing complications and provide advice on his lifestyle where needed. She is responsible that there is an accurate representation of Thomas' health status and to know what should be done to improve it if needed. She only has very limited time to do this, as her talks with Thomas are often only 5 to 10 minutes long and she has many other patients that require her attention. Klaas finds it difficult to know what his role is, but feels it is to support Thomas. The task he has taken on for himself is to hear about the advice his doctor gave Thomas after each consult and try to motivate him to follow that advice. He often finds this difficult as Thomas is generally not interested in talking about this as he only wants to focus on Klaas' life and his children. Klaas also does not want to argue everytime when he visits his father.
| Bob wants to follow the given advice or not. He also wants to check his own glucose levels, inject his own insulin and manage his food intake. Aside from that he wants to go about his daily tasks and activities. This involves mostly doing his job and coaching a soccer team. Anna wants to prescribe adequate treatment and provide (lifestyle) advice. She also wants to monitor Bob's health status and progress. Finally, she needs to double check Bob's physiological data. She has to do this while being under a heavy load due to the amount of patients, causing her to have very little time to spend on Bob. Alice wants to receive reminders about Bob and be able to check his insulin. She also wants to read up on literature and be able to consult the doctor on advice or information.
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